Parents like Natalie (right) say it's important children are confident enough to use the loo on their own when they start school

The number of children who were toilet-trained before starting school this year has increased significantly in a city where parents were given potty training guides with their first school offers.

York was the subject of the city-wide pilot, which also put on workshops for parents and offered special training for early years staff.

Twenty local authorities across England are now signed up to launch similar schemes to tackle the number of pupils starting school without being fully toilet-trained.

The government said the pilot's results were "encouraging", and confirmed they were committed to 75% of pupils reaching a good level of development at the end of their first year in school by 2028.

Since April this year, parents across York have been targeted via GP surgeries, pharmacies, family hubs, schools, nurseries and libraries with information and offers of support on how to potty-train their child ahead of starting school.

Potty training guides were sent out to all families across York who had a child starting reception in September - with the aim that all children could use the toilet independently by the time they started school, except those with medical issues or special educational needs.

The results from all 55 mainstream primary schools across the city, shared exclusively with BBC News, suggested there had been a 43% drop since last year in the number of children who were not fully toilet-trained when they started school.

Across York last September, 148 out of 1,364 reception pupils (11%) were recorded as not being toilet-trained when they started school. This year, that fell to 85 reception pupils out of 1,374 (6%).

Parents Natalie and Lucy, who both have daughters starting reception next year, have welcomed the extra support on offer.

Mum Natalie says there's a lot of conflicting pressures on parents about the right time to potty-train

Lucy said she had noticed the drop-in sessions on potty training in her local children's centre and thought it was a "really good idea".

"I think it's really important that children are more prepared for that aspect of starting school," she said.

Natalie said getting her daughter Freya potty-trained in time for school has been a priority, but feels there is a lot of pressure on parents to do so.

"I think going to school is hard enough for children," she said.

"But for me it was really important that she's confident enough to use toilets, to be independent, to be able to go without relying on the help of teachers perhaps in an environment where they've already got lots of children to look after."

Natalie said the popularity of disposable nappies might be a reason why parents often wait longer to potty train.

"When I was little, we still had the terry towelling nappies and they had to be washed and hung on the line. So I think with disposable nappies it's easier," she said.

The ability to listen to and follow instructions is another skill that helps pupils get the most out of learning when they start reception class

Around one in four children started school in England and Wales last year not fully toilet-trained, and teachers said they have been spending over an hour a day changing nappies, according to the latest research from the children's charity Kindred Squared, external.

Felicity Gillespie, CEO of Kindred Squared, told BBC Radio 4's Today programme that children not being potty trained when starting school was "a real concern for teachers".

"They tell us that they're losing, on average across the country, a day a week of teaching time to dealing with potty-training issues."

Gillespie is keen to spread the message that "it's best for children to be coming out of nappies" when they are between 18 and 30 months old.

"When the teacher's leaving the class to change someone's nappy, the rest of the class is having their learning broken up. So everybody loses out,” she added.

Jo Mould, who teaches reception at Robert Wilkinson Primary Academy in York, said she has noticed an improvement in pupils being ready for school this year.

"We've spent more time teaching in these last three weeks than we have in previous years," she said.

"The children have come in so ready to learn, because they're more settled and regulated socially and emotionally. We've had a really, really positive start to the school year."

Jo Mould says not having to deal with toilet training has meant more time spent teaching her pupils

York councillor Bob Webb said the impact of the scheme had been "so positive" for both schools and families.

But he acknowledged a potential "gap in support" for parents between seeing health visitors with their toddler, and the child later arriving at school.

He said the key to the scheme's success was collaboration across health visitors, schools and other community settings, but that there was "always more that could be done at an earlier age".

Twenty local authorities across England have now committed to adopt York's model, developed by Kindred Squared, and use it to encourage earlier potty-training in their areas.

Just over two-thirds of children in England (68.3%) leave reception class with a good level of development - a key measure of school readiness which includes things like communication skills, as well as physical, social and emotional development - according to the latest government stats, external.

That means they were assessed by teachers on being able to complete tasks like going to the toilet and paying attention in class.

The government has said it is still committed to increasing that proportion to 75% by 2028.

Early Education Minister Paul Waugh said it was "encouraging to see this pilot helping more children develop the confidence and independence they need before starting school", stressing the importance of parents taking early steps towards toilet training.

In York, Mould said she hopes next year's parents will take on potty-training even earlier.

"Ideally we'd be at the point where [children] don't need that support when they get here, because they've already been trained by the time they get to us."

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